Lesson 7.1 – Electric Current & Charge Flow 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define electric current.

2. What is the SI unit of electric charge?

3. Write formula I = Q/t.

4. Distinguish between conventional current and electron flow.

5. State two examples of current in everyday life.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. A charge of 12 C flows for 4 seconds. Find current.

7. Explain why metals conduct electricity.

8. What is meant by drift velocity?

9. State formula I = nAve.

10. Describe relationship between cross-sectional area and current.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Derive I = nAve from first principles.

12. Explain why increasing temperature decreases current in metals.

13. Analyse microscopic model of electron drift.

14. Compare conduction in metals, semiconductors, and electrolytes.

15. Calculate current density given current and area.

Lesson 7.2 – Voltage, Resistance & Ohm’s Law 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define potential difference.

2. State Ohm’s law.

3. What is resistance?

4. Write R = V/I.

5. Name one ohmic and one non-ohmic conductor.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. A conductor has current 4 A and voltage 20 V. Find resistance.

7. Draw I–V graph for ohmic conductor.

8. Explain why filament lamp is non-ohmic.

9. Describe effect of temperature on resistance.

10. A wire has R = 5 Ω. If current doubles, what happens to V?

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Derive resistance from microscopic model using resistivity equation.

12. Analyse I–V graph for diode.

13. Explain superconductivity.

14. Solve temperature coefficient of resistance problem.

15. A device shows nonlinear I–V graph; interpret behaviour.

Lesson 7.3 – Resistivity & Conductivity 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define resistivity.

2. Write R = ρL/A.

3. What is conductivity?

4. State unit of resistivity.

5. Name two materials with low resistivity.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. A wire: L = 2 m, A = 1 mm², ρ = 1.7×10⁻⁸. Calculate R.

7. Distinguish between resistance and resistivity.

8. Describe effect of temperature on resistivity of metals.

9. Compare resistivity of metals and semiconductors.

10. Explain how thickness affects resistance.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Derive resistivity formula using geometry + current density.

12. Analyse resistivity changes in thermistors.

13. Calculate new resistance when temperature increases using α.

14. Explain why alloys have low temperature coefficient.

15. Solve multi-step calculation involving R, ρ, and geometry changes.

Lesson 7.4 – EMF, Internal Resistance & Cells 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define electromotive force (emf).

2. What is terminal voltage?

3. State V = E − Ir.

4. What is internal resistance?

5. Name two types of cells.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. A cell has E = 12 V, r = 2 Ω. Find V when I = 3 A.

7. Draw V–I graph for a cell.

8. Explain why terminal voltage decreases with increasing current.

9. Distinguish EMF and potential difference.

10. A cell gives 5 A when short-circuited. Find internal resistance.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Derive E = V + Ir.

12. Analyse combination of cells in series and parallel.

13. Determine lost voltage in cell.

14. Use graph to find emf and internal resistance.

15. Solve complex circuit with multiple cells and internal resistances.

Lesson 7.5 – Series & Parallel Circuits 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define series connection.

2. Define parallel connection.

3. Write formula for series resistors.

4. Write formula for parallel resistors.

5. Give two examples of parallel circuits in real life.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. Three resistors 4Ω, 6Ω, 10Ω in series: find total.

7. Same resistors in parallel: find total.

8. Explain why current varies in parallel circuits.

9. Draw circuit with two resistors in parallel.

10. Explain voltage distribution in series.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Solve mixed series-parallel circuit.

12. Calculate total resistance with change in one branch.

13. Analyse circuit using current dividers.

14. Compare series vs parallel in terms of failure safety.

15. Solve multi-loop network reducing step-by-step.

Lesson 7.6 – Kirchhoff’s Laws 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. State Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL).

2. State Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL).

3. What is a junction?

4. Define loop in electric circuits.

5. Give one example where Kirchhoff’s laws are needed.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. Use KCL to analyse currents splitting at junction.

7. Apply KVL in simple loop with two resistors.

8. Write simultaneous equations for a two-loop circuit.

9. Explain sign conventions in KVL.

10. Identify junctions and loops in complex circuit diagram.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Solve 2-loop circuit using KCL + KVL.

12. Determine currents in Wheatstone bridge (unbalanced).

13. Solve circuit with three unknown currents.

14. Analyse power distribution in Kirchhoff circuits.

15. Explain why Kirchhoff’s laws follow conservation laws.

Lesson 7.7 – Wheatstone Bridge & Meter Bridge 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. What is Wheatstone bridge?

2. State balance condition: R1/R2 = R3/R4.

3. Define galvanometer.

4. What is null point?

5. State purpose of meter bridge.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. Calculate unknown R using balance condition.

7. Explain why galvanometer reads zero at balance.

8. Describe construction of meter bridge.

9. Solve meter bridge problem using R = (l1/l2)R0.

10. Explain effect of shifting jockey position.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Analyse sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge.

12. Calculate error in meter bridge reading.

13. Design experiment to measure low resistance.

14. Explain why meter bridge wire must have uniform resistance.

15. Solve multi-step Wheatstone + internal resistance problem.

Lesson 7.8 – Potentiometer 

Foundation (Q1–5)

1. Define potentiometer.

2. What is balancing length?

3. Why is potentiometer more accurate than voltmeter?

4. What is potential gradient?

5. Write formula for comparison of EMFs.

Intermediate (Q6–10)

6. Determine EMF ratio using balancing lengths.

7. Explain principle of potentiometer.

8. Describe standardization of potentiometer wire.

9. Measure internal resistance using potentiometer.

10. Explain why current must be kept constant.

Advanced (Q11–15)

11. Derive expression for potential gradient.

12. Solve multi-step internal resistance problem using potentiometer.

13. Analyse precision of potentiometer vs voltmeter.

14. Explain design considerations of potentiometer circuit.

15. Determine EMF using two different load conditions.