Lesson 3.1 – Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) (35 Prompts)

Foundation (1–10)

1. Define SHM.

2. State the condition for SHM.

3. Give two examples of SHM.

4. Define amplitude.

5. Define time period.

6. Write displacement equation for SHM.

7. What is angular frequency?

8. Draw displacement–time graph of SHM.

9. Define phase.

10. State relation between frequency and period.

Intermediate (11–23)

11. Derive velocity expression: v = ω√(A² − x²).

12. Explain why acceleration is directed towards equilibrium.

13. Sketch velocity–time graph for SHM.

14. Calculate period for mass–spring system.

15. Describe energy changes during SHM.

16. Explain restoring force using Hooke’s law.

17. Compare SHM with uniform circular motion.

18. Calculate displacement after given time.

19. Explain phase difference with examples.

20. Determine maximum speed for given amplitude and ω.

21. Sketch energy vs time graph.

22. Calculate acceleration at given displacement.

23. Compare kinetic and potential energy at various points.

Advanced (24–35)

24. Derive a = −ω²x from circular motion.

25. Solve SHM using differential equations.

26. Model pendulum for small angle approximation.

27. Determine phase constant from initial conditions.

28. Solve SHM with given initial displacement and velocity.

29. Compare two SHMs mathematically.

30. Derive total energy expression.

31. Analyse damped SHM qualitatively.

32. Analyse forced SHM and resonance conceptually.

33. Solve multi-step SHM motion problem.

34. Explain limitations of SHM model.

35. Apply SHM concepts to engineering systems.

Lesson 3.2 – Wave Motion (35 Prompts)

Foundation (1–10)

1. Define wave.

2. Distinguish mechanical and electromagnetic waves.

3. Define wavelength.

4. Define frequency.

5. Define wave speed.

6. Write wave equation v = fλ.

7. Give example of transverse wave.

8. Give example of longitudinal wave.

9. Identify crest and trough.

10. Draw simple wave diagram.

Intermediate (11–23)

11. Explain phase difference.

12. Describe motion of particles in longitudinal waves.

13. Calculate wave speed for given frequency and wavelength.

14. Sketch displacement–distance graph.

15. Compare particle velocity and wave velocity.

16. Explain wavefront.

17. Analyse Doppler shift qualitatively.

18. Explain relationship between amplitude and energy.

19. Determine frequency from wave graph.

20. Identify coherent sources.

21. Describe how medium affects wave speed.

22. Explain importance of elasticity in wave propagation.

23. Sketch time-based wave graph.

Advanced (24–35)

24. Derive wave speed formula for stretched string.

25. Analyse boundary reflection conditions.

26. Solve wave superposition problems.

27. Extract full wave equation from given graph.

28. Derive Doppler effect formula.

29. Analyse dispersion qualitatively.

30. Compare transverse EM waves mathematically.

31. Solve multi-step wave motion scenario.

32. Analyse energy transfer in waves.

33. Derive intensity–distance relationship.

34. Explain limitations of classical wave model.

35. Model wave behaviour using differential equations.

Lesson 3.3 – Wave Phenomena (Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction, Interference) (35 Prompts)

Foundation (1–10)

1. Define reflection.

2. Define refraction.

3. Define diffraction.

4. Define interference.

5. State principle of superposition.

6. Identify constructive interference.

7. Identify destructive interference.

8. Draw reflection diagram.

9. Draw simple diffraction pattern.

10. Give example of interference.

Intermediate (11–23)

11. Explain phase change upon reflection.

12. Describe conditions for interference.

13. Explain why diffraction is significant for sound.

14. Sketch double-slit interference pattern.

15. Explain path difference δ.

16. State formula for fringe spacing.

17. Compare diffraction through wide and narrow slits.

18. Analyse reflection using wave theory.

19. Determine path difference from fringe order.

20. Explain coherence.

21. Describe refraction using wavefront model.

22. Predict effect of obstacle width on diffraction.

23. Identify bright/dark fringes in pattern.

Advanced (24–35)

24. Derive fringe spacing formula β = λD/d.

25. Analyse two-source interference with phase difference.

26. Model diffraction using Huygens’ principle.

27. Explain intensity distribution in diffraction pattern.

28. Solve multi-slit interference problem.

29. Compare single and double-slit diffraction mathematically.

30. Derive condition for minima in diffraction.

31. Analyse thin-film interference.

32. Solve wave interference vectorially.

33. Model diffraction with calculus-based methods.

34. Evaluate limitations of Huygens’ wave theory.

35. Apply wave phenomena to optical instruments.

Lesson 3.4 – Stationary Waves (35 Prompts)

Foundation (1–10)

1. Define stationary wave.

2. Define node.

3. Define antinode.

4. State condition for stationary wave.

5. Draw first harmonic.

6. Draw second harmonic.

7. Identify nodes on a string.

8. Identify antinodes on a string.

9. Give example of resonance.

10. State relationship between length and wavelength in string modes.

Intermediate (11–23)

11. Derive frequency for string fixed at both ends.

12. Calculate fundamental frequency.

13. Compare open and closed pipe modes.

14. Identify harmonic number from diagram.

15. Explain formation of stationary waves.

16. Sketch displacement diagram for closed pipe.

17. Calculate wavelength for given harmonic.

18. Describe energy distribution in stationary waves.

19. Predict harmonic sequence for open pipe.

20. Compare air column and string resonance.

21. Solve frequency change with tension.

22. Explain effect of length change.

23. Determine effect of medium on resonance.

Advanced (24–35)

24. Derive f = nv/2L mathematically.

25. Solve closed pipe resonance frequencies.

26. Analyse tuning fork and resonance tube experiment.

27. Calculate end correction.

28. Solve combination of two resonating systems.

29. Derive modes for pipes with one closed end.

30. Analyse superposition forming stationary waves.

31. Solve beat frequency problem involving harmonic mismatch.

32. Compare theoretical vs experimental resonances.

33. Model boundary conditions using equations.

34. Evaluate limitations of harmonic model.

35. Apply resonance principles in acoustics.

Lesson 3.5 – Sound Waves & Doppler Effect (35 Prompts)

Foundation (1–10)

1. Define sound wave.

2. State speed of sound.

3. Define pitch.

4. Define loudness.

5. Define intensity.

6. Identify longitudinal nature of sound.

7. Give example of sound resonance.

8. Define Doppler effect.

9. Identify when observed frequency increases.

10. Identify when observed frequency decreases.

Intermediate (11–23)

11. Calculate speed of sound at given temperature.

12. Compare sound in air vs water.

13. Explain sound reflection as echo.

14. Describe noise vs musical sound.

15. Explain beats.

16. Calculate beat frequency.

17. State Doppler formula.

18. Solve Doppler effect for moving observer.

19. Solve Doppler effect for moving source.

20. Sketch frequency shift graph.

21. Explain red shift and blue shift.

22. Discuss applications of Doppler (ambulance, radar).

23. Identify conditions for strong resonance.

Advanced (24–35)

24. Derive Doppler formula.

25. Solve combined case (moving source + observer).

26. Analyse shock waves.

27. Explain Mach number.

28. Solve multi-step Doppler problem.

29. Model sound intensity with inverse-square law.

30. Analyse resonance in air columns.

31. Explain effect of wind on sound.

32. Compare relativistic and classical Doppler effect.

33. Derive expression for beat frequency.

34. Evaluate limitations of linear sound model.

35. Apply Doppler concepts to astronomy.