Foundation Level (Fail → Pass)

Simple prompts to build essential understanding.

1. Define a mole.

2. What is molar mass?

3. State the formula linking moles, mass, and molar mass.

4. Calculate the number of moles in 18 g of water.

5. Define relative molecular mass.

6. Write the molar mass of CO₂.

7. Explain what a balanced chemical equation shows.

8. Identify reactants and products in a given chemical equation.

9. Convert 250 cm³ to dm³.

10. State the molar volume of a gas at RTP.

 Intermediate Level (Pass → Credit)

Prompts requiring calculation and conceptual understanding.

1. Calculate the mass of 2 moles of sodium chloride.

2. Determine the number of particles in 0.5 mol of a substance.

3. Explain the importance of mole ratios in chemical equations.

4. Identify the limiting reagent from given masses of reactants.

5. Calculate theoretical yield from a balanced equation.

6. Explain why actual yield is often less than theoretical yield.

7. Calculate percentage yield.

8. Determine concentration using moles and volume.

9. Convert concentration from g dm⁻³ to mol dm⁻³.

10. Solve a gas-volume problem using molar volume at RTP.

Advanced Level (Credit → Distinction)

Higher-level multi-step prompts.

1. Analyse how limiting reagent affects reaction outcomes.

2. Solve complex multi-step stoichiometric problems with multiple reactants.

3. Calculate empirical and molecular formulas from data.

4. Solve titration problems involving dilution and concentration.

5. Interpret a gas law calculation using combined gas law.

6. Evaluate sources of error in gravimetric and volumetric analysis.

7. Derive the relationship between density, molar mass, and molar volume.

8. Predict how changing conditions (pressure/temp) affects gaseous stoichiometry.

9. Calculate percentage purity from given mass and stoichiometric data.

10. Design a step-by-step plan to determine molar mass experimentally.