Foundation Level (Fail → Pass)

Simple prompts to build basic understanding.

1. Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid, and gas.

2. Define kinetic particle theory.

3. Explain why gases can be compressed but solids cannot.

4. Describe what happens to particles when a solid melts.

5. Define boiling point.

6. Explain why liquids take the shape of their container.

7. What is diffusion? Give one example.

8. Define evaporation.

9. Explain why gases have no fixed shape.

10. State Boyle’s Law in simple terms.

 Intermediate Level (Pass → Credit)

Prompts requiring explanation, comparisons, and basic calculations.

1. Explain how temperature affects particle movement.

2. Compare the densities of solids, liquids, and gases.

3. Use Boyle’s Law (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂) to solve a pressure–volume problem.

4. Use Charles’ Law to explain how a balloon expands when heated.

5. Explain why gases diffuse faster than liquids.

6. Write the ideal gas equation and define each term.

7. Convert temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin in gas law problems.

8. Explain the meaning of “elastic collisions” in gases.

9. Describe how intermolecular forces affect melting and boiling points.

10. Compare evaporation and boiling.

Advanced Level (Credit → Distinction)

Higher-order analytical prompts.

1. Analyse real gas behavior and explain deviations from ideality.

2. Explain how Van der Waals forces influence gas behavior at high pressures.

3. Derive the ideal gas equation from Boyle’s and Charles’ laws.

4. Discuss how the kinetic molecular theory explains pressure.

5. Predict how changing temperature affects the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution.

6. Evaluate the role of intermolecular forces in determining viscosity.

7. Explain why sublimation occurs in some solids.

8. Compare critical point, triple point, and phase boundaries on a phase diagram.

9. Analyse why increasing pressure raises boiling point.

10. Explain why diffusion rate depends on molar mass (Graham’s Law).