Lesson Focus

This unit is about overcoming difficulties, taking on challenges, and adventure. It explores both personal challenges (like public speaking) and physical challenges (like adventure sports).

Key Vocabulary to Master

• Challenge & Adventure: adventurous, challenging, courageous, self-confident, precautions, minimize, flexibility.

• Sports Terms: water rafting, skydiving, parachuting, surfing, pole vaulting.

Grammar Focuses

1. Reported Speech (Indirect Speech): This is a critical skill. The focus here is on reporting statements.

• Key Changes:

  • Tense shifts back (Present → Past; will → would).

  • Pronouns change (I → he/she; we → they; you → him/her).

  • said to becomes told.

  • Example: Direct: Sahas said, "I am ready." → Reported: Sahas said that he was ready.

1. Modals (Revision): Continued practice with should/shouldn't and must/mustn't for giving advice and instructions.

Important Points for the O/L Exam

• Paper I (Writing):

  • Essay: A very common O/L topic is "A Challenge I Have Faced" or "An Unforgettable Experience." This unit provides the perfect vocabulary and ideas for it.

  • Speech/Dialogue: You might need to write a short speech to motivate others or a dialogue planning an event.

• Paper II (Grammar & Reading):

  • Reported speech is a frequent question in the grammar section. You will likely have to convert sentences from direct to indirect speech.

  • Reading comprehension passages can be about adventure or overcoming obstacles.

Study Tips & Tricks

• Practice Reporting: Take the dialogue in Activity 5 (Pupil's Book) and rewrite the entire conversation in reported speech. Pay close attention to tense and pronoun changes.

• Mind Map for Essays: For the essay topic "A Challenge I Have Faced," create a mind map like the one in Activity 8. Brainstorm your personal experience, the feelings you had, and what you learned.

• Vocabulary in Context: Write a short paragraph describing one of the adventure sports from the lesson using at least five new words from the vocabulary list.