Lesson Focus

This unit centers on environmental issues, such as pollution from polythene, and the importance of conservation. It also covers endangered animals and the "3 R's" (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle).

Key Vocabulary to Master

• Environment: environmentalist, polythene, decay, accumulate, pollution, infertility, sewage, recycle, extinction, endangered, habitat, poaching.

• Cause & Effect: issue, problem, solution, harmful, beneficial.

Grammar Focuses

1. Adverbs: Understanding how adverbs describe verbs (actions). Many adverbs end in -ly.

• Example: "People throw bags carelessly and haphazardly."

• Adjective: careless → Adverb: carelessly.

1. Reported Speech (Revision): Continued practice, including reporting questions.

• Example: Direct: The interviewer asked, "Should we stop using polythene?"

1. Capitalization: Revising the rules for using capital letters (start of a sentence, names of people/places, the pronoun 'I', etc.). This is a key part of the "mechanics of writing."

Important Points for the O/L Exam

• Paper I (Writing):

  • Essay: "Protecting Our Environment" is a very common and important O/L essay topic. Use the ideas and vocabulary from this unit.

  • Notice/Announcement: You could be asked to write a notice about an environmental campaign or a power/water cut.

• Paper II (Grammar & Reading):

  • The grammar section often includes questions where you must choose between an adjective and an adverb (e.g., quick vs. quickly).

  • Reading comprehension passages frequently deal with environmental or scientific topics.

Study Tips & Tricks

• Create a Cause-and-Effect Chart: Draw a chart with two columns: "Problem" (e.g., Polythene Pollution) and "Effect" (e.g., Land infertility, harms animals). This helps organize ideas for your essay.

• Adjective to Adverb: Practice converting adjectives to adverbs. Take the adjectives from Activity 2 (Pupil's Book) like favourite, biggest, unhealthy and see if they can be turned into adverbs.

• Capitalization Check: Find the short essay in the workbook (Activity 12) that needs capitalization corrections. Do it yourself first, then check the rules in the Pupil's Book to see if you were right.