Level 1 — Basic Recall (1–10)

1. What is organic chemistry?

2. Define a hydrocarbon.

3. What is a functional group?

4. Give one example of a functional group.

5. What is the general formula of alkanes?

6. What is the valency of carbon?

7. Define a homologous series.

8. What does “saturated hydrocarbon” mean?

9. What does “unsaturated hydrocarbon” mean?

10. Name the functional group present in alcohols.

Level 2 — Understanding (11–20)

11. Explain why carbon forms four covalent bonds.

12. Describe catenation.

13. Why do alkanes show low reactivity?

14. Explain the difference between empirical and molecular formulas.

15. Why are carbon–carbon bonds strong?

16. What is meant by isomerism?

17. Describe structural isomerism.

18. Explain the difference between chain and position isomers.

19. What is geometric (cis–trans) isomerism?

20. Why does geometric isomerism occur only in alkenes?

Level 3 — Application (21–30)

21. Draw the displayed formula of ethanol.

22. Give two isomers of C₄H₁₀.

23. Predict whether C₂H₂ is saturated or unsaturated.

24. Draw the cis and trans isomers of but-2-ene.

25. Determine the molecular formula for an alkene with 5 carbon atoms.

26. Explain why benzene does not undergo addition reactions easily.

27. Predict whether an unknown molecule with C=C bond decolorizes bromine water.

28. Write the condensed formula of propanone.

29. Identify the functional group in CH₃CHO.

30. Predict whether C₂H₆O has isomers and name them.

Level 4 — Analysis (31–40)

31. Compare structural isomerism with stereoisomerism.

32. Explain why the boiling point increases with chain length.

33. Analyse the solubility of alcohols in water.

34. Explain bonding differences between alkanes and alkenes.

35. Compare aromatic and aliphatic compounds.

36. Discuss the hybridization of carbon in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

37. Analyse why branched-chain hydrocarbons have lower boiling points.

38. Predict the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes using electron density.

39. Explain resonance in aromatic compounds with benzene as example.

40. Distinguish between mesomeric effect and inductive effect.

Level 5 — Exam/Challenge (41–50)

41. Explain how orbital overlap leads to sigma and pi bonds.

42. Predict stability differences among isomers using hyperconjugation.

43. Analyse the relationship between hybridization and bond angles in organic molecules.

44. Compare the acidity of alcohols vs phenols.

45. Evaluate why benzene is unusually stable (delocalization energy).

46. Predict the major product when an unsymmetrical alkene undergoes addition (Markovnikov rule).

47. Discuss how electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups influence reactivity.

48. Explain chirality and how enantiomers differ chemically and biologically.

49. Evaluate the importance of organic mechanisms for predicting reaction pathways.

Explain why stereochemistry is crucial in pharmaceuticals using an example (e.g., thalidomide).