Level 1 — Basic Recall (1–10)

1. What is a hydrocarbon?

2. State the general formula for alkanes.

3. State the general formula for alkenes.

4. What type of bond is present in alkanes?

5. What type of bond is present in alkenes?

6. Define an alkyne.

7. Give one example of an aromatic hydrocarbon.

8. What is a halohydrocarbon?

9. What reagent is used to test for unsaturation?

10. Name the product when chlorine reacts with methane in sunlight.

Level 2 — Understanding (11–20)

11. Explain why alkanes are relatively unreactive.

12. Why do alkenes undergo addition reactions?

13. Compare substitution and addition reactions.

14. Explain why alkynes are more reactive than alkanes.

15. Describe the structure of benzene.

16. Explain why benzene does not easily undergo addition reactions.

17. Describe the homolytic fission that occurs during chlorination of methane.

18. Why do halohydrocarbons have higher boiling points than alkanes?

19. Explain why C=C bond is stronger than a C–C single bond.

20. Describe conditions required for hydrogenation of alkenes.

Level 3 — Application (21–30)

21. Write the reaction for bromine water + ethene.

22. Predict whether pentane or pent-1-ene will react with acidified KMnO₄.

23. Write the structural formula of C₅H₁₀ and name two of its isomers.

24. Draw cis–trans isomers of but-2-ene.

25. Predict the major product when HBr adds to propene.

26. Write the reaction: CH₄ + Cl₂ (UV light).

27. Explain why tertiary halides undergo substitution faster than primary halides.

28. Identify the reaction type: C₂H₅Br → C₂H₅OH.

29. Predict the products when benzene reacts with Cl₂ in presence of FeCl₃.

30. Write the mechanism for the halogenation of an alkane (initiation, propagation, termination).

Level 4 — Analysis (31–40)

31. Analyse why alkenes show electrophilic addition reactions.

32. Compare the stability of carbocations (1°, 2°, 3°).

33. Explain Markovnikov’s rule using electron density.

34. Predict the effect of chain branching on the boiling points of alkanes.

35. Compare reactivity of chloroethane vs bromoethane.

36. Evaluate why vinyl halides are less reactive than alkyl halides.

37. Explain why benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution, not addition.

38. Compare hybridization of carbon in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

39. Predict relative rates of free-radical substitution for CH₄, C₂H₆, and C₃H₈.

40. Explain why bromine water decolorizes with alkenes but not alkanes.

Level 5 — Exam/Challenge (41–50)

41. Draw and explain the mechanism for the addition of HBr to propene (carbocation intermediate).

42. Predict and justify the major and minor products in 2-methylpropene + HCl.

43. Explain anti-Markovnikov addition and when it occurs.

44. Analyse the impact of resonance on benzene’s reactivity toward electrophiles.

45. Compare SN1 and SN2 mechanisms for halohydrocarbons.

46. Predict the mechanism for the reaction of 1-bromobutane with OH⁻.

47. Evaluate how the inductive effect influences halide substitution rates.

48. Compare electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene, phenol, and anisole.

49. Predict the products of ozonolysis of cyclohexene.

50. Explain why aromatic halides are less reactive in substitution compared to alkyl halides.