Level 1 — Basic Recall (1–10)

1. Name the functional group in alcohols.

2. Name the functional group in aldehydes.

3. Name the functional group in ketones.

4. Name the functional group in carboxylic acids.

5. Give one example of an alcohol.

6. Give one example of an aldehyde.

7. What is the general formula of alcohols?

8. Define a phenol.

9. What are esters?

10. Name the reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols.

Level 2 — Understanding (11–20)

11. Distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

12. Explain why alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes.

13. Why are lower alcohols soluble in water?

14. Describe the oxidation sequence of primary alcohols.

15. Explain why phenols are more acidic than alcohols.

16. Distinguish aldehydes from ketones using a chemical test.

17. Explain esterification.

18. Why do carboxylic acids have high boiling points?

19. Describe the Tollen’s silver mirror test.

20. Explain why ketones cannot be oxidized easily.

Level 3 — Application (21–30)

21. Write the product when ethanol is oxidized with acidified K₂Cr₂O₇.

22. Draw and name two structural isomers of C₄H₁₀O.

23. Predict whether phenol reacts with NaOH.

24. Write the equation: CH₃COOH + Na₂CO₃ → ?

25. Identify the product of propanone + sodium hydrogensulfite.

26. Write the balanced equation for esterification of ethanol with ethanoic acid.

27. Explain why aldehydes give a positive Benedict’s test but ketones do not.

28. Predict whether the compound CH₃CH₂CH₂OH is primary, secondary, or tertiary.

29. Write the reaction of phenol with bromine water.

30. Identify the compound formed from the reduction of ethanal.

Level 4 — Analysis (31–40)

31. Compare acidity of phenol, ethanol, and water.

32. Analyse the boiling point differences between aldehydes and alcohols.

33. Explain why carboxylic acids form dimers.

34. Evaluate why tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized.

35. Predict the major product of dehydration of 2-butanol.

36. Compare nucleophilicity of OH⁻ vs RO⁻.

37. Analyse why phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution more readily than benzene.

38. Discuss the effect of electron-withdrawing groups on acidity of benzoic acid.

39. Explain the cleavage of ethers under acidic conditions.

40. Compare the reactivity of aldehydes vs ketones toward nucleophiles.

Level 5 — Exam/Challenge (41–50)

41. Explain mechanism of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl compounds.

42. Predict products for oxidative cleavage of an unsymmetrical ketone.

43. Discuss the mechanism of esterification using acid catalysis.

44. Explain why esters have characteristic fruity smells.

45. Predict products of ester hydrolysis under acidic vs basic conditions.

46. Evaluate the effect of substituents on the electrophilic substitution of phenol.

47. Compare IR spectra features of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones.

48. Analyse the ^1H NMR patterns for propanal vs acetone.

49. Explain the role of resonance in phenoxide ion stability.

50. Predict and justify the reaction pathway when a secondary alcohol is oxidized with PCC.