Differentiate between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture, giving one example for each.

Define the terms solute, solvent, and solution.

List three factors that affect the solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent.

Explain the principle "like dissolves like" in the context of polar and non-polar substances.

A solution is prepared by dissolving 15g of salt in 85g of water. Calculate the mass fraction of the salt.

Define the term 'concentration' of a solution in terms of moles and volume.

Name the separation technique you would use for the following tasks: a) Separating sand from a mixture of sand and water. b) Separating ethanol (boiling point 78 °C) from water (boiling point 100 °C). c) Separating the different pigments in a leaf extract.

Describe the process of obtaining pure salt from sea water in a saltern, mentioning the key separation techniques involved.

What is the main difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation?

Explain the principle of paper chromatography. Define the terms 'stationary phase' and 'mobile phase'.

In electroplating an iron spoon with copper, what would you use as the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte?

Why is steam distillation the preferred method for extracting essential oils like cinnamon oil from plant matter?

Define recrystallization and explain its purpose.

How does increasing the pressure affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid? Give a common example.

What is an alloy? Is it a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? Give an example.